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1995 to 1996
             When the concept of owning and using it began to spread rather    mid-90's Espresso machine in South Korea
         than the understanding of automatic and semi-automatic machine,
         the movement of reviving the originality of espresso started to unroll.                  LaCimbali-M21
         The import of Italian coffee fueled this movement. The introduction
         of such Italian coffees as lavazza, illy and segafredo presented the
         heyday to those espresso machines who could not take center stage
         until that time. Furthermore, the opening of La Palladio in Apgujeong-
         dong in 1996 accelerated the promotion of genuine espresso style.
         La Palladio was a cafe that reproduced an Italian shop and culture.
         At the time of opening, the Italian barista stayed for 6 months and
         conducted the proper training on shop management, menu recipe
         and espresso. At this time, Korean baristas were trained for the first
         time. Those people who had worked at the hotels or restaurants for
         service positions led this trend. In addition, Cafe Lalee gained a lot of
         popularity in Busan with Japanese style cake. At this time, Cafe Lalee
         also entered the Seoul market and introduced the espresso machine                          www.cimbali.com
         and Italian coffee. Moreover, people could see the Italian barista at
         Segafredo in Myeong-dong. This Italian barista who drank his own
         espresso as standing in the bar became the target of envy and curiosity
         among a large number of women and young people.
             Meanwhile, the machine industry also had a growing interest
         and understanding of coffee. In 1995, one South Korean machine
         engineer had a business trip to Italy. This engineer visited one Ital-
         ian machine company and boasted about the technical excellence of
         South Korean coffee machine technology. However, this engineer
         also encountered a strange situation. He tasted the espresso brewed
         by an Italian barista for the first time in his life. He was shocked with
         the brewing that was so different from the one in South Korea. As a
         result, he embarked on the research project that aimed to reproduce
         the taste he experienced in Italy along with his colleagues. These
         engineers finally succeeded to create a similar type. Whenever they    mid-90's Espresso machine in South Korea
         were dispatched for after service, they informed the coffee shop
         owners that the one they created was “a genuine Italian-style espres-
         so”. This was how the original recipe of espresso was unofficially
         passed down.                                                                              GAGGIA-TD
         1997 to 1999
             The South Korean government’s request for IMF bailout in
         1997 was a shocking new for everyone in South Korea. Due to IMF,
         the large-scale hotel equipment companies began the restructuring
         just like many other industries. As a result, there were many early
         retirees from the hotel industry as well. In addition, those people
         studying abroad started coming back to South Korea because they
         could not continue their study with financial strain. This situation
         forced these early retirees to start their own business in relation to   www.gaggia.com
         coffee and relevant equipment. Those people who had studied abroad
         also opened their own cafe based on their overseas experience. There
         were too many individual shops and small-sized cafes in a relatively
         short period of time. Thus, the competition got so intense for sur-
         vival. In the end, the competition for coffee machine and coffee in
         the South Korean espresso market got fiercely intense.
         At this time, Starbucks team visited South Korea to open its first shop
         in South Korea. It was 1996 that was the following year after the first
         Starbucks shop was opened in Japan. Starbucks was conducting the
         negotiation with the South Korean company to open its first shop.
         However, IMF bailout in 1997 made Starbucks delay its opening date.
         Finally, the first Starbucks shop was opened in 1999. This is one of
         the main issues worthy of note in the history of South Korean coffee
         industry. However, the significance thereof should be understood
         from the two aspects. First, it is true that Starbucks created a posi-
         tive cultural trend in the history of South Korean coffee market. The
         biography of Howard Schultz containing the contents of Starbucks
         was published at the same time as opening the first Starbucks shop in
         South Korea in 1999. This biography planted the hope and dream of
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